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Learning of Gurmat Sangeet >> Introduction of Indian Music  
Subject Expert :   Dr. Gurnam Singh,
Professor, Department of Gurmat Sangeet
Punjabi University, Patiala

S. Amrinder Singh, Department of Gurmat
Punjabi University, Patiala
Translator     Ms. Amanjot Kaur
     
 

          Music can be defined as a melodious sound which soothes the mind. The Vocal, Instrumental and Dance tradition of Indian tradition have Developed Independently. These are complementary to each other in practice.

1. Vocal

In Indian music, singing holds a prominent position. Under this Vocal tradition apart from classics, there is a vast tradition of Cultural folk singing, religious singing, film music and light music are prevalent in Indian Vocal tradition.

2. Instrumental

Indian music holds the tradition of Instrumental music on the basis of various musical and rhythmic percussion instruments. This tradition of instrumental music has developed as an independent art form in the present times. The instrumental music also has a significant tradition of Indian Orchestra (Varindvadan)

3. Dance
Like vocal and musical forms of art, dance has also its own prevalent developed form. In the Indian classical dances, Bhart Natyam, Khathak, Kathakali, Manipuri, Odisi, Kuchipudi etc. are the major forms. In all these three types, the various movements and expressions with artistic postures of body are accompanied with suitable melody and rhythm.

Indian Music

A complete music tradition sung and played in India - a country in Asian continent is called Indian Music. It has a very rich heritage. It comprises of classical music, which is based on the ancient music and musicology (Sangeet Shastar) developed by the Indian musicologists. Regional folk music (Lok Sangeet) and all other streams of music are integral part of this tradition. Indian music has two systems of music : 1. Hindustani Music Tradition (North Indian Music), 2. Carnatic Music Tradition (South Indian Music)

 
     
   
     
 

Hindustani Music Tradition
A part from Madras, Mysore and Andhra Pradesh states of Southern India, the music tradition prevalent in the rest of Indian regions is called Hindustani music tradition . The Gurmat Sangeet, sufi music , folk music and film music traditions are also a part of this music system.

Carnatic Music Tradition
The music lore prevalent in the southern part of India including the states Madras, Mysore, Andhra Pradesh is called Carnatic Music tradition. It is also known by the name of Southern music tradition as it is prevalent in the Southern Part of India. The common forms in vogue are Kirtan, Kirti, Varnam Singing styles of classical music.

 
     
Technical Terms
     
 
1. Desi Sangeet : Music rooted in a region related to common masses.
2. Gurmat Sangeet : A tradition of Shabad kirtan Founded by Sikh Guru follwing the musicology of Guru Granth Sahib.
 
MCQs
     
 

1. The Indian Music tradition in Divided  in into which two forms
          I. Gazal and Tappa           II. Hindustani and Carnatic Music
          III. Khial and Thumri        IV. Dhrupad and Dhamar

2. What is the music based of Classics Called ?
          I. Film Music                 II. Folk Music
          III. Classical Music         IV. Southern Music.

3. Which of  following Presents the Combination of Music. 
          I. Gayan-Vadan-Narit   
          II. Dhrupad-Dhamar-Tappa
          III. Sufi Music-Light Music- Classical Music
          IV. Western Music-Classical Music-Pop Music

4. Music can be defined as.
          I. Melodious Sound       II. Any Sound
          III. Low Voice              IV. None of the above

5. Which of the following holds a prominent position in Indian music.
          I. western                     II. Instrumental
          III. Dance                     IV. Vocal

6. Which  of the following is the major form of Indian Classical Dance.
          I. Bharat Natyam           II. Kathak
          III. Kathakali                 IV. All the above

7. Which two Catagouries belong to Indian music Tradition.
          I. East Indian Music - West Indian Music
          II. North Indian Music - South Indian Music
          III. None of the above
          IV. Both (a) and (b)

8. Gurmat Sangeet belongs to which of which of the following.

          I. Hindustani Music Tradation
          II. Carnatic Music
          III. South Indian Music
          IV. All the Above.

9. Hindustani Music Tradition includers.

          I. Sufi music        II. Western Music        III. Varnam         IV. All the above

10.Carnatic Music Tradition belongs to which regious.

          I. Madras, Maysore and Andhra Pradesh
          II. Punjab, Haryana and Rajsthan
          III. Patiala, Ropar,Bathianda.
          IV. None of above

 
     
   
     
   
     
Bibliography
     
  1. Dictionary of Music, Eric Blom, Bhartiya Kala Prakashan, Delhi, 2007
2. Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Music, Vol 1-2, Ashish Pandey (Edi.), Isha Books, Delhi, 2005.
3. Gurmat Sangeet Terminolgy, Gurnam Singh (Dr.), (Chief Edi.), Pujnabi University, Patiala. 2012
4. The Oxford Encyclopaedia of Music of India, Vol I-III, Late Pt. Nikhil Ghosh (Chief Edi.), Oxford University press, New York, 2011.

 
     
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